Some community members have reported that they have been able to fix the issue by uninstalling the most recent updates for the phone application. Once done you can then reinstall the updates via the play store.
To do this, long press on the phone app and press app info. Head to the three dots in the top right of the next page and press uninstall updates. Then head back to the play store and search for updates.
This should trigger the permissions again, if not, try restarting your phone.
Of course this is likely just a temporary measure and a more permanent fix may be on the way.
